Gain Statistical Insights into Your Data#

Woodwork provides methods on your DataFrames to allow you to use the typing information stored by Woodwork to better understand your data.

Follow along to learn how to use Woodwork’s statistical methods on a DataFrame of retail data while demonstrating the full capabilities of the functions.

[1]:
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from woodwork.demo import load_retail

df = load_retail()
df.ww
[1]:
Physical Type Logical Type Semantic Tag(s)
Column
order_product_id category Categorical ['index']
order_id category Categorical ['category']
product_id category Categorical ['category']
description string NaturalLanguage []
quantity int64 Integer ['numeric']
order_date datetime64[ns] Datetime ['time_index']
unit_price float64 Double ['numeric']
customer_name category Categorical ['category']
country category Categorical ['category']
total float64 Double ['numeric']
cancelled bool Boolean []

DataFrame.ww.describe#

Use df.ww.describe() to calculate statistics for the columns in a DataFrame, returning the results in the format of a pandas DataFrame with the relevant calculations done for each column. Note, that both nan and (nan, nan) values contribute to nan_count for LatLong logical types

[2]:
df.ww.describe()
[2]:
order_id product_id description quantity order_date unit_price customer_name country total cancelled
physical_type category category string int64 datetime64[ns] float64 category category float64 bool
logical_type Categorical Categorical NaturalLanguage Integer Datetime Double Categorical Categorical Double Boolean
semantic_tags {category} {category} {} {numeric} {time_index} {numeric} {category} {category} {numeric} {}
count 401604 401604 401604 401604.0 401604 401604.0 401604 401604 401604.0 401604
nunique 22190 3684 NaN 436.0 20460 620.0 4372 37 3946.0 NaN
nan_count 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
mean NaN NaN NaN 12.183273 2011-07-10 12:08:23.848567552 5.732205 NaN NaN 34.012502 NaN
mode 576339 85123A WHITE HANGING HEART T-LIGHT HOLDER 1 2011-11-14 15:27:00 2.0625 Mary Dalton United Kingdom 24.75 False
std NaN NaN NaN 250.283037 NaN 115.110658 NaN NaN 710.081161 NaN
min NaN NaN NaN -80995.0 2010-12-01 08:26:00 0.0 NaN NaN -277974.84 NaN
first_quartile NaN NaN NaN 2.0 NaN 2.0625 NaN NaN 7.0125 NaN
second_quartile NaN NaN NaN 5.0 NaN 3.2175 NaN NaN 19.305 NaN
third_quartile NaN NaN NaN 12.0 NaN 6.1875 NaN NaN 32.67 NaN
max NaN NaN NaN 80995.0 2011-12-09 12:50:00 64300.5 NaN NaN 277974.84 NaN
num_true NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 8872
num_false NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN NaN 392732

There are a couple things to note in the above dataframe:

  • The Woodwork index, order_product_id, is not included

  • We provide each column’s typing information according to Woodwork’s typing system

  • Any statistics that can’t be calculated for a column, such as num_false on a Datetime are filled with NaN.

  • Null values do not get counted in any of the calculations other than nunique

DataFrame.ww.value_counts#

Use df.ww.value_counts() to calculate the most frequent values for each column that has category as a standard tag. This returns a dictionary where each column is associated with a sorted list of dictionaries. Each dictionary contains value and count.

[3]:
df.ww.value_counts()
[3]:
{'order_product_id': [{'value': 0, 'count': 1},
  {'value': 267744, 'count': 1},
  {'value': 267742, 'count': 1},
  {'value': 267741, 'count': 1},
  {'value': 267740, 'count': 1},
  {'value': 267739, 'count': 1},
  {'value': 267738, 'count': 1},
  {'value': 267737, 'count': 1},
  {'value': 267736, 'count': 1},
  {'value': 267735, 'count': 1}],
 'order_id': [{'value': '576339', 'count': 542},
  {'value': '579196', 'count': 533},
  {'value': '580727', 'count': 529},
  {'value': '578270', 'count': 442},
  {'value': '573576', 'count': 435},
  {'value': '567656', 'count': 421},
  {'value': '567183', 'count': 392},
  {'value': '575607', 'count': 377},
  {'value': '571441', 'count': 364},
  {'value': '570488', 'count': 353}],
 'product_id': [{'value': '85123A', 'count': 2065},
  {'value': '22423', 'count': 1894},
  {'value': '85099B', 'count': 1659},
  {'value': '47566', 'count': 1409},
  {'value': '84879', 'count': 1405},
  {'value': '20725', 'count': 1346},
  {'value': '22720', 'count': 1224},
  {'value': 'POST', 'count': 1196},
  {'value': '22197', 'count': 1110},
  {'value': '23203', 'count': 1108}],
 'customer_name': [{'value': 'Mary Dalton', 'count': 7812},
  {'value': 'Dalton Grant', 'count': 5898},
  {'value': 'Jeremy Woods', 'count': 5128},
  {'value': 'Jasmine Salazar', 'count': 4459},
  {'value': 'James Robinson', 'count': 2759},
  {'value': 'Bryce Stewart', 'count': 2478},
  {'value': 'Vanessa Sanchez', 'count': 2085},
  {'value': 'Laura Church', 'count': 1853},
  {'value': 'Kelly Alvarado', 'count': 1667},
  {'value': 'Ashley Meyer', 'count': 1640}],
 'country': [{'value': 'United Kingdom', 'count': 356728},
  {'value': 'Germany', 'count': 9480},
  {'value': 'France', 'count': 8475},
  {'value': 'EIRE', 'count': 7475},
  {'value': 'Spain', 'count': 2528},
  {'value': 'Netherlands', 'count': 2371},
  {'value': 'Belgium', 'count': 2069},
  {'value': 'Switzerland', 'count': 1877},
  {'value': 'Portugal', 'count': 1471},
  {'value': 'Australia', 'count': 1258}]}

DataFrame.ww.dependence#

df.ww.dependence calculates several dependence/correlation measures between all pairs of relevant columns. Certain types, like strings, can’t have dependence calculated.

The mutual information between columns A and B can be understood as the amount of knowledge you can have about column A if you have the values of column B. The more mutual information there is between A and B, the less uncertainty there is in A knowing B, and vice versa.

The Pearson correlation coefficient measures the linear correlation between A and B.

[4]:
df.ww.dependence(measures="all", nrows=1000)
/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/feature-labs-inc-datatables/envs/v0.21.0/lib/python3.8/site-packages/woodwork/statistics_utils/_get_dependence_dict.py:125: UserWarning: Dropping columns ['order_id', 'customer_name'] to allow mutual information to run faster
  warnings.warn(
[4]:
column_1 column_2 pearson spearman mutual_info max
0 quantity total 0.532443 0.708133 0.217693 0.708133
1 quantity unit_price -0.128447 -0.367468 0.086608 -0.367468
2 unit_price total 0.130113 0.313225 0.104822 0.313225
3 product_id unit_price NaN NaN 0.142626 0.142626
4 order_date total -0.024766 -0.058553 0.001820 -0.058553
5 order_date unit_price -0.015619 -0.053699 0.010496 -0.053699
6 total cancelled NaN NaN 0.030746 0.030746
7 quantity cancelled NaN NaN 0.025767 0.025767
8 product_id total NaN NaN 0.024799 0.024799
9 quantity country NaN NaN 0.020539 0.020539
10 country total NaN NaN 0.016507 0.016507
11 product_id quantity NaN NaN 0.015635 0.015635
12 quantity order_date 0.009907 -0.003156 0.002659 0.009907
13 country cancelled NaN NaN 0.007489 0.007489
14 product_id order_date NaN NaN 0.003862 0.003862
15 unit_price country NaN NaN 0.002613 0.002613
16 order_date country NaN NaN -0.002411 -0.002411
17 product_id country NaN NaN 0.001545 0.001545
18 order_date cancelled NaN NaN 0.000962 0.000962
19 product_id cancelled NaN NaN -0.000172 -0.000172
20 unit_price cancelled NaN NaN 0.000133 0.000133

Available Parameters#

df.ww.dependence provides various parameters for tuning the dependence calculation.

  • measure - Which dependence measures to calculate. A list of measures can be provided to calculate multiple measures at once. Valid measure strings:

    • “pearson”: calculates the Pearson correlation coefficient

    • “spearman”: calculates the Spearman correlation coefficient

    • “mutual_info”: calculates the mutual information between columns

    • “max”: calculates both Pearson and mutual information and returns max(abs(pearson), mutual) for each pair of columns

    • “all”: includes columns for “pearson”, “mutual”, and “max”

  • num_bins - In order to calculate mutual information on continuous data, Woodwork bins numeric data into categories. This parameter allows you to choose the number of bins with which to categorize data.

    • Defaults to using 10 bins

    • The more bins there are, the more variety a column will have. The number of bins used should accurately portray the spread of the data.

  • nrows - If nrows is set at a value below the number of rows in the DataFrame, that number of rows is randomly sampled from the underlying data

    • Defaults to using all the available rows.

    • Decreasing the number of rows can speed up the mutual information calculation on a DataFrame with many rows, but you should be careful that the number being sampled is large enough to accurately portray the data.

  • include_index - If set to True and an index is defined with a logical type that is valid for mutual information, the index column will be included in the mutual information output.

    • Defaults to False

Now that you understand the parameters, you can explore changing the number of bins. Note—this only affects numeric columns quantity and unit_price. Increase the number of bins from 10 to 50, only showing the impacted columns.

[5]:
dep_df = df.ww.dependence(measures="all", nrows=1000)
dep_df[
    dep_df["column_1"].isin(["unit_price", "quantity"])
    | dep_df["column_2"].isin(["unit_price", "quantity"])
]
/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/feature-labs-inc-datatables/envs/v0.21.0/lib/python3.8/site-packages/woodwork/statistics_utils/_get_dependence_dict.py:125: UserWarning: Dropping columns ['order_id', 'customer_name'] to allow mutual information to run faster
  warnings.warn(
[5]:
column_1 column_2 pearson spearman mutual_info max
0 quantity total 0.532443 0.708133 0.217693 0.708133
1 quantity unit_price -0.128447 -0.367468 0.086608 -0.367468
2 unit_price total 0.130113 0.313225 0.104822 0.313225
3 product_id unit_price NaN NaN 0.142626 0.142626
5 order_date unit_price -0.015619 -0.053699 0.010496 -0.053699
7 quantity cancelled NaN NaN 0.025767 0.025767
9 quantity country NaN NaN 0.020539 0.020539
11 product_id quantity NaN NaN 0.015635 0.015635
12 quantity order_date 0.009907 -0.003156 0.002659 0.009907
15 unit_price country NaN NaN 0.002613 0.002613
20 unit_price cancelled NaN NaN 0.000133 0.000133
[6]:
dep_df = df.ww.dependence(measures="all", nrows=1000, num_bins=50)
dep_df[
    dep_df["column_1"].isin(["unit_price", "quantity"])
    | dep_df["column_2"].isin(["unit_price", "quantity"])
]
/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/feature-labs-inc-datatables/envs/v0.21.0/lib/python3.8/site-packages/woodwork/statistics_utils/_get_dependence_dict.py:125: UserWarning: Dropping columns ['order_id', 'customer_name'] to allow mutual information to run faster
  warnings.warn(
[6]:
column_1 column_2 pearson spearman mutual_info max
0 quantity total 0.532443 0.708133 0.338410 0.708133
1 unit_price total 0.130113 0.313225 0.369177 0.369177
2 quantity unit_price -0.128447 -0.367468 0.105124 -0.367468
3 product_id unit_price NaN NaN 0.163247 0.163247
5 order_date unit_price -0.015619 -0.053699 0.011766 -0.053699
8 quantity country NaN NaN 0.024711 0.024711
9 product_id quantity NaN NaN 0.019753 0.019753
10 quantity cancelled NaN NaN 0.017920 0.017920
11 quantity order_date 0.009907 -0.003156 0.007075 0.009907
14 unit_price country NaN NaN 0.006367 0.006367
19 unit_price cancelled NaN NaN 0.000578 0.000578

In order to include the index column in the mutual information output, run the calculation with include_index=True.

[7]:
dep_df = df.ww.dependence(measures="all", nrows=1000, num_bins=50, include_index=True)
dep_df[
    dep_df["column_1"].isin(["order_product_id"])
    | dep_df["column_2"].isin(["order_product_id"])
]
/home/docs/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/feature-labs-inc-datatables/envs/v0.21.0/lib/python3.8/site-packages/woodwork/statistics_utils/_get_dependence_dict.py:125: UserWarning: Dropping columns ['order_id', 'customer_name'] to allow mutual information to run faster
  warnings.warn(
[7]:
column_1 column_2 pearson spearman mutual_info max
21 order_product_id product_id NaN NaN 2.253709e-10 2.253709e-10
22 order_product_id order_date NaN NaN 2.037283e-12 2.037283e-12
23 order_product_id total NaN NaN 2.000378e-12 2.000378e-12
24 order_product_id quantity NaN NaN 1.124831e-12 1.124831e-12
25 order_product_id unit_price NaN NaN 1.095298e-12 1.095298e-12
26 order_product_id country NaN NaN 2.011721e-13 2.011721e-13
27 order_product_id cancelled NaN NaN 1.495745e-14 1.495745e-14

Outlier Detection with Series.ww.box_plot_dict#

One of the ways that Woodwork allows for univariate outlier detection is the IQR, or interquartile range, method. This can be done on a by-column basis using the series.ww.box_plot_dict method that identifies outliers and includes the statistical data necessary for building a box and whisker plot.

[8]:
total = df.ww["total"]
box_plot_dict = total.ww.box_plot_dict()

print("high bound: ", box_plot_dict["high_bound"])
print("low_bound: ", box_plot_dict["low_bound"])
print("quantiles: ", box_plot_dict["quantiles"])
print("number of low outliers: ", len(box_plot_dict["low_values"]))
print("number of high outliers: ", len(box_plot_dict["high_values"]))
high bound:  71.15625
low_bound:  -31.47375
quantiles:  {0.0: -277974.84, 0.25: 7.0124999999999975, 0.5: 19.305, 0.75: 32.669999999999995, 1.0: 277974.84}
number of low outliers:  1922
number of high outliers:  31016

We can see that the total column in the retail dataset has many outliers, and they are skewed more towards the top of the dataset. There are around 400K rows in the dataframe, so about 8% of all values are outliers. Let’s also look at a normally distributed column of data of the same length and see what the statistics generated for it look like.

[9]:
rnd = np.random.RandomState(33)
s = pd.Series(rnd.normal(50, 10, 401604))
s.ww.init()
box_plot_dict = s.ww.box_plot_dict()

print("high bound: ", box_plot_dict["method"])
print("high bound: ", box_plot_dict["high_bound"])
print("low_bound: ", box_plot_dict["low_bound"])
print("quantiles: ", box_plot_dict["quantiles"])
print("number of low outliers: ", len(box_plot_dict["low_values"]))
print("number of high outliers: ", len(box_plot_dict["high_values"]))
high bound:  box_plot
high bound:  77.04098
low_bound:  22.89795
quantiles:  {0.0: 4.519658918840335, 0.25: 43.20158903786463, 0.5: 49.988236390934304, 0.75: 56.73734594188448, 1.0: 95.28094989391388}
number of low outliers:  1460
number of high outliers:  1381

With the normally distributed set of data, the likelyhood of outliers is closer to what we’d expect, around .7%.

Outlier Detection with Series.ww.medcouple_dict#

Another way that Woodwork allows for univariate outlier detection is through the medcouple statistic, implemented via series.ww.medcouple_dict. Similar to series.ww.box_plot_dict, this method also returns the information necessary to build a box and whiskers plot

[10]:
total = df.ww["total"]
medcouple_dict = total.ww.medcouple_dict()

print("medcouple: ", medcouple_dict["method"])
print("medcouple: ", medcouple_dict["medcouple_stat"])
print("high bound: ", medcouple_dict["high_bound"])
print("low_bound: ", medcouple_dict["low_bound"])
print("quantiles: ", medcouple_dict["quantiles"])
print("number of low outliers: ", len(medcouple_dict["low_values"]))
print("number of high outliers: ", len(medcouple_dict["high_values"]))
medcouple:  medcouple
medcouple:  0.111
high bound:  71.40484
low_bound:  -31.22676
quantiles:  {0.0: -277974.84, 0.25: 7.0124999999999975, 0.5: 19.305, 0.75: 32.669999999999995, 1.0: 277974.84}
number of low outliers:  1928
number of high outliers:  31001

The number of outliers identified has decreased to around 7% of the rows. Additionally the direction of these outliers has changed, with more lower outliers and fewer higher outliers being identified. This is because the medcouple statistic takes into account the skewness of the distribution when determining which points are most likely to be outliers. For distributions that have a long tail, the Box Plot method might not be as appropriate. The medcouple statistic is calculated based on at most 10,000 randomly sampled observations in the column. This value can be changed within Config settings via ww.config.set_option("medcouple_sample_size", N).

[11]:
rnd = np.random.RandomState(33)
s = pd.Series(rnd.normal(50, 10, 401604))
s.ww.init()
medcouple_dict = s.ww.medcouple_dict()
print("medcouple: ", medcouple_dict["medcouple_stat"])
print("high bound: ", medcouple_dict["high_bound"])
print("low_bound: ", medcouple_dict["low_bound"])
print("quantiles: ", medcouple_dict["quantiles"])
print("number of low outliers: ", len(medcouple_dict["low_values"]))
print("number of high outliers: ", len(medcouple_dict["high_values"]))
medcouple:  -0.003
high bound:  77.04126
low_bound:  22.89823
quantiles:  {0.0: 4.519658918840335, 0.25: 43.20158903786463, 0.5: 49.988236390934304, 0.75: 56.73734594188448, 1.0: 95.28094989391388}
number of low outliers:  1460
number of high outliers:  1380

As you can see, the medcouple statistic is close to 0, which indicates a data with little to no skew. The outliers identified via the Medcouple statistic are around the same quantity as those via the Box Plot method when the data is normal.

Outlier Detection with Series.ww.get_outliers#

Knowing whether to use the box plot method or the medcouple approach can be confusing. You might not know whether a distrbiution is skewed or not, and if it is, whether its skewed enough to warrant using medcouple_dict. The method get_outliers can be used to address these issues. Running series.ww.get_outliers with the default method of best will return the outlier information based on the best approach.

This is determined by taking the medcouple statistic of a random sampling of the series. If the absolute value of the medcouple statistic of that sampling is under the default value of 0.3, then the method chosen will be box plot. If it is greater than or equal to 0.3, it will be the medcouple approach that is used (as this indicates that there is at least an average amount of skewness in the distribution).

To change this default medcouple threshold of 0.3, feel free to change the value in Config settings via ww.config.set_option("medcouple_threshold", 0.5).

Inferring Frequency from Noisy Timeseries Data#

df.ww.infer_temporal_frequencies will infer the observation frequency (daily, biweekly, yearly, etc) of each temporal column, even on noisy data. If a temporal column is predominantly of a single frequency, but is noisy in any way (ie. contains duplicate timestamps, nans, gaps, or timestamps that do not align with overall frequency), this table accessor method will provide the most likely frequency as well as information about the rows of data that do not adhere to this frequency.

Inferring Non-Noisy data#

If your timeseries data is perfect and doesn’t contain any noisy data, df.ww.infer_temporal_frequencies() will return a dictionary where the keys are the columns of each temporal column and the value is the pandas alias string.

[12]:
df = pd.DataFrame(
    {
        "idx": range(100),
        "dt1": pd.date_range("2005-01-01", periods=100, freq="H"),
        "dt2": pd.date_range("2005-01-01", periods=100, freq="B"),
    }
)
df.ww.init()
df.ww.infer_temporal_frequencies()
[12]:
{'dt1': 'H', 'dt2': 'B'}

Inferring Noisy data (Missing Values)#

If your timeseries is noisy, and you pass a debug=True flag, the returned dictionary will also include debug objects for each temporal column. This object is useful in helping you understand where in your data there is a problem.

[13]:
dt1_a = pd.date_range(end="2005-01-01 10:00:00", periods=500, freq="H")
dt1_b = pd.date_range(start="2005-01-01 15:00:00", periods=500, freq="H")


df = pd.DataFrame(
    {
        "idx": range(1000),
        "dt1": dt1_a.append(dt1_b),
    }
)
df.ww.init()

infer_dict = df.ww.infer_temporal_frequencies(debug=True)

inferred_freq, debug_object = infer_dict["dt1"]

assert inferred_freq is None

debug_object
[13]:
{'actual_range_start': '2004-12-11T15:00:00',
 'actual_range_end': '2005-01-22T10:00:00',
 'message': None,
 'estimated_freq': 'H',
 'estimated_range_start': '2004-12-11T15:00:00',
 'estimated_range_end': '2005-01-22T10:00:00',
 'duplicate_values': [],
 'missing_values': [{'dt': '2005-01-01T11:00:00', 'idx': 500, 'range': 4}],
 'extra_values': [],
 'nan_values': []}

We can see in the above example, the first element of the tuple is None because the timeseries has errors and cannot be inferred.

In the debug_object, the we can clearly see the estimated_freq is H for Hourly, as well as some extra information which we will explain below.

Debug Object Description#

The debug object contains the following information:

  • actual_range_start: an ISO 8601 formatted string of the observed start time

  • actual_range_end: an ISO 8601 formatted string of the observed end time

  • message: a message to describe why the frequency cannot be inferred

  • estimated_freq: a message to describe why the frequency cannot be inferred

  • estimated_range_start: an ISO 8601 formatted string of the estimated start time

  • estimated_range_end: an ISO 8601 formatted string of the estimated end time

  • duplicate_values: an array of range objects (described below) of duplicate values

  • missing_values: an array of range objects (described below) of missing values

  • extra_values: an array of range objects (described below) of extra values

  • nan_values: an array of range objects (described below) of nan values

A range object contains the following information:

  • dt: an ISO 8601 formatted string of the first timestamp in this range

  • idx: the index of the first timestamp in this range

    • for duplicates and extra values, the idx is in reference to the observed data

    • for missing values, the idx is in reference to the estimated data.

  • range: the length of this range.

This information is best understood through example below:

Time Series Timeline

In the illustration above, you can see the expected timeseries on the left, and the observed on the right. This time series has the following errors:

  • Duplicate Values

    • “01:00:00” is duplicated twice at the observed index of 1 and 2

  • Missing Values

    • “04:00:00” is missing from estimated index 3

  • Extra Values

    • “06:20:00” is an extra value at the observed index of 7

We can recreate this example below in code. Take note that the indexes are offset by 500 since we padded the beginning of the time series with good data.

[14]:
dt_a = pd.date_range(end="2005-01-01T00:00:00.000Z", periods=500, freq="H").to_series()
dt_b = [
    "2005-01-01T01:00:00.000Z",
    "2005-01-01T01:00:00.000Z",
    "2005-01-01T01:00:00.000Z",
    "2005-01-01T02:00:00.000Z",
    "2005-01-01T03:00:00.000Z",
    "2005-01-01T05:00:00.000Z",
    "2005-01-01T06:00:00.000Z",
    "2005-01-01T06:20:00.000Z",
    "2005-01-01T07:00:00.000Z",
    "2005-01-01T08:00:00.000Z",
]
dt_b = pd.Series([pd.Timestamp(d) for d in dt_b])
dt_c = pd.date_range(
    start="2005-01-01T09:00:00.000Z", periods=500, freq="H"
).to_series()

dt = pd.concat([dt_a, dt_b, dt_c]).reset_index(drop=True).astype("datetime64[ns]")

df = pd.DataFrame({"dt": dt})
df.ww.init()
df.ww.infer_temporal_frequencies(debug=True)
/tmp/ipykernel_480/3278836014.py:19: FutureWarning: Using .astype to convert from timezone-aware dtype to timezone-naive dtype is deprecated and will raise in a future version.  Use obj.tz_localize(None) or obj.tz_convert('UTC').tz_localize(None) instead
  dt = pd.concat([dt_a, dt_b, dt_c]).reset_index(drop=True).astype("datetime64[ns]")
[14]:
{'dt': (None,
  {'actual_range_start': '2004-12-11T05:00:00',
   'actual_range_end': '2005-01-22T04:00:00',
   'message': None,
   'estimated_freq': 'H',
   'estimated_range_start': '2004-12-11T05:00:00',
   'estimated_range_end': '2005-01-22T04:00:00',
   'duplicate_values': [{'dt': '2005-01-01T01:00:00', 'idx': 501, 'range': 2}],
   'missing_values': [{'dt': '2005-01-01T04:00:00', 'idx': 503, 'range': 1}],
   'extra_values': [{'dt': '2005-01-01T06:20:00', 'idx': 507, 'range': 1}],
   'nan_values': []})}